OCMF yog qhov qhib kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev them nyiaj hluav taws xob tsheb. Los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv, kos npe kos npe, thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv, nws hais txog peb qhov kev mob loj hauv kev lag luam: tsis muaj pob tshab hauv kev them nyiaj ntsuas, kev cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv tampering, thiab raws tu qauv incompatibility. Qhov no ua rau cov nqi them nqi ntau dua kev ntseeg siab thiab kev lag luam kev sib koom tes zoo dua.
OCMF yog dab tsi?
OCMF (Open Charge Metering Format) yog tus qauv kev lag luam uas txhawb nqa los ntawm European Charging Alliance thiab SAFE-eV lub koom haum. Nws zoo ib yam li "hom lus" rau kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev lag luam them nyiaj, txhais cov cai sib koom ua ke rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv them nqi ntawm cov chaw them nqi, kev tswj hwm, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua kom paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li them tus nqi, them lub sijhawm, thiab tus nqi yog " nkag siab, nyeem tau, thiab tamper- pov thawj."
Cias muab, ua ntej OCMF, ntau hom ntawm cov chaw them nqi siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, zoo li cov cheeb tsam sib txawv hais cov lus sib txawv, ua rau kev sib txuas lus tsis yooj yim. Nrog OCMF, tag nrho cov khoom siv ua raws siv tau sib koom ua ke "lus" los xa cov ntaub ntawv, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tshawb tau thiab txheeb xyuas tau txij thaum pib them nqi mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev them nqi.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm OCMF
1. Cov qauv tsim qauv: Kev rhuav tshem "Cov Ntaub Ntawv Silos" OCMF siv lub teeb yuag tsim yam tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog encapsulated nyob rau hauv ib tug taag hom, yoog mus rau cov serial kev sib txuas lus scenarios xws li RS-485. Nws suav nrog cov teb tseem ceeb xws li them tus nqi (Wh), lub sijhawm them nyiaj, tus ID ntaus ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tariff, thiab tseem txhawb nqa version iteration thiab nthuav dav - piv txwv li, V1.2.0 ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug them nyiaj cable, thiab V1.3.0 ntxiv cov nqi them pawg firmware version teb, kom ntseeg tau tias ob qho tib si thiab yooj yim. Qhov kev tsim qauv no tso cai rau ntau hom kev them nqi, kev tswj hwm platforms (CSMS), thiab cov txheej txheem them nyiaj sib koom ua ke yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntxiv, txo cov nqi kev lag luam sib koom ua ke.
2. Encryption thiab Kos Npe Mechanism: Tshem tawm "Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tampering" Qhov no yog qhov tsim kev ruaj ntseg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm OCMF. Cov metering cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm pawg them nyiaj yog encrypted thiab kos npe ua ntej kis tau tus mob, thiab tus neeg tau txais kev lees paub cov ntaub ntawv kev ncaj ncees siv tus yuam sij pej xeem. Nws zoo li ntxiv "kev ruaj ntseg watermark" rau cov ntaub ntawv; yog tias nws raug cuam tshuam nrog, cov txheej txheem pov thawj yuav pom nws tam sim ntawd, tiv thaiv "kev them nyiaj ntau dhau thiab tsis raug nqi" cov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov txheej txheem no ua tiav raws li kev cai ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb xws li German Mess- & Eichrecht, ua kom them cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab muab lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntseeg siab rau cov neeg siv, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov tswj hwm.
3. Ntau-Txoj Cai Hloov Kho: Tau tshaj "Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab thiab Qub" OCMF tsis txwv rau ib qho kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum rau cov kev them nyiaj tseem ceeb xws li OCPP 1.6 thiab OCPP 2.0.1/2.1. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev them nyiaj ib txwm muaj thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwm sim xws li ad-hoc charging. Piv txwv li, hauv OCPP 2.0.1 system, tom qab ua kom muaj kev teeb tsa cuam tshuam, OCMF tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv kos npe ntawm qhov tseem ceeb xws li pib thiab xaus ntawm kev them nyiaj, yam tsis tau hloov kho cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm, tso cai rau cov cuab yeej qub tau hloov kho mus rau "cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev ntseeg siab."
Kev siv tswv yim ntawm OCMF
1. Daim ntawv thov scenarios npog tag nrho cov kev them nyiaj ecosystem:
● Cov tuam txhab them nqi: Tsim cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas raws li OCMF cov qauv, tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha kev koom ua ke nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm loj platforms yam tsis muaj kev sib cais.
● Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nyiaj: Uniformly tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau hom kev them cov pawg, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm backend thiab txo cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev saib xyuas.
● Cov neeg siv: Tom qab them nyiaj, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv them nqi los ntawm kev kos npe kos npe, zam kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog "cov nqi them tsis txaus."
● Cov koom haum tswj hwm: ncaj qha nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas raws li kev ntsuas, ua kom tshem tawm - saib xyuas qhov chaw thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
2. Hom kev ua haujlwm
● Koj ntsaws rau hauv lub charger cable kom pib them, thiab lub chaw nres tsheb them cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov nqi them thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm;
● Cov ntaub ntawv yog encapsulated nyob rau hauv OCMF hom, thiab ib tug "digital kos npe" yog generated siv ib tug encryption algorithm;
● Cov pob ntawv kos npe OCMF tau xa mus rau kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntawm SLIP raws tu qauv (nrog pib thiab xaus delimiters);
● Tom qab lub platform txheeb xyuas qhov kos npe, nws txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim ib daim nqi;
● Tom qab them nyiaj tiav lawm, cov ntaub ntawv OCMF tiav tuaj yeem siv los ua daim ntawv them nqi los txhawb kev txheeb xyuas tom ntej.
OCMF Version Evolution
Kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua kev lag luam tus qauv OCMF tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tu ncua txij li thaum nws tso tawm, hloov mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tiag: V1.0.1: Cov lus qhia meej meej thiab cov qauv ntaub ntawv yooj yim, tso lub hauv paus rau kev tsim qauv;
● V1.1.0: Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tariff kom hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej them nyiaj ib ntus;
● V1.2.0: Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv them nyiaj poob cable los daws cov teeb meem kev ntsuas ntawm lub zog poob thaum them nyiaj;
● V1.3.0: Ntxiv maub los firmware version teb los txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tswj cov cuab yeej.
Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv nyob ib puag ncig cov hom phiaj ntawm "qhov tseeb dua, kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab kev sib raug zoo dua," kom ntseeg tau tias tus qauv ib txwm ua raws li kev lag luam kev loj hlob.
OCMF Core Fields thiab Application Scenario Reference Table
Cov lus qhia no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm OCMF (Open Charging Measurement Format) versions V1.0.1 to V1.3.0, qhia meej lub ntsiab lus, hom ntaub ntawv, kev txhawb nqa version, thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Nws ua kom yooj yim siv ceev thiab siv tau yooj yim adaptation.
| Lub npe teb | Lub ntsiab lus teb | Hom ntaub ntawv | Kev them nyiaj yug Version | Core Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ver | OCMF hom ntawv tus lej | String (eg, "1.3.0") | Tag nrho cov versions | Rau kev hloov kho version ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab lub platform, kom ntseeg tau cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo |
| gw_ tus neeg muag khoom | Gateway tus neeg muag khoom ID | Txoj hlua | V0.4 thiab siab dua | Cov cuab yeej traceability; cais cov rooj vag los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj xyuas |
| gw_sn | Gateway serial tooj | Txoj hlua (yuav tsum tau) | V0.4 thiab siab dua | Tshwj xeeb txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv rooj vag; tsim ib traceable saw nrog metering cov ntaub ntawv |
| meter_ muag | Metering module muag khoom ID | Txoj hlua | Tag nrho cov versions | Traceability ntawm metering li; nrhiav cov koom haum muaj lub luag haujlwm thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv |
| meter_sn | Metering module serial tooj | Txoj hlua (yuav tsum tau) | Tag nrho cov versions | Cim cim metering modules; xyuas kom meej ib qho -rau- ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas thiab cov khoom siv |
| zog | Tag nrho them zog | Tus lej (Unit: Wh) | Tag nrho cov versions | Lub hauv paus pib them nqi; cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim rau cov neeg siv kev sib hais haum thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv |
| pib_time | Lub sijhawm pib them nqi | Daim ntawv teev sijhawm | Tag nrho cov versions | Txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm them nqi, lub sijhawm sib tw- nqi hluav taws xob lub sijhawm, thiab tsim cov nqi kom raug |
| kawg_time | Lub sijhawm them kawg | Daim ntawv teev sijhawm | Tag nrho cov versions | Paub meej tias lub voj voog them; suav tag nrho lub sijhawm them nrog lub sijhawm pib |
| tus nqi | Cov ntaub ntawv nqi hluav taws xob (nrog rau lub sijhawm, tus nqi) | Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog | V1.1.0 thiab siab dua | Hloov mus rau qhov xwm txheej them nyiaj ib ntus; kev them nyiaj yug lub sij hawm- ntawm- siv tus nqi thiab kev them nqi dynamic |
| cable_loss | Cable poob nyiaj them zog | Tus lej (Unit: Wh) | V1.2.0 thiab siab dua | Kho lub zog poob thaum them nyiaj; xyuas kom metering cov ntaub ntawv raug |
| cf | Charging pawg tswj firmware version | Txoj hlua (yeem) | V1.3.0 thiab siab dua | Kev tswj hwm firmware; txiav txim siab yog tias yuav tsum tau hloov kho dua tshiab los kho metering vulnerabilities |
| kos npe | Digital kos npe | Encrypted hlua | Tag nrho cov versions | Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv- pov thawj cuav; tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv them nqi thiab xyuas kom raug cai |
| sib_alg | Kos npe algorithm identifier | Txoj hlua | V0.4 thiab siab dua | Qhia kom meej cov ntaub ntawv encryption txoj kev; receiver txheeb xyuas qhov kos npe nrog cov algorithm sib raug |
| auth_status | Kev tso cai raws li txoj cai (ua tiav lossis tsis tau) | Boolean | V0.4 thiab siab dua | Paub meej tias qhov raug cai ntawm kev them nqi hloov pauv; tsis lees txais kev txiav txim rau kev ua lag luam tsis raug cai |
| event_counter | Txheej xwm txee | Tus lej | V0.4 thiab siab dua | Sau suav cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb thaum them nyiaj; pab hauv kev daws teeb meem txhaum cai |
Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv ntawm Field Priority:
1. Cov teb uas cim tias "yuav tsum tau" (xws li gw_sn, meter_sn, lub zog) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas; lawv qhov tsis tuaj yeem yuav tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb.
2. Version Compatibility: Teb los ntawm ntau dua versions (xws li cable_loss, cf) yog xaiv tau nyob rau hauv qis version systems. Kev hloov kho lub cuab yeej mus rau qhov sib thooj version yog xav tau yog tias cov teb no xav tau.
3. Kev hloov kho raws tu qauv: Txhua daim teb tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm OCPP 1.6 thiab OCPP 2.0.1/2.1 raws tu qauv yam tsis tas yuav muaj kev hloov kho ntxiv rau cov qauv hauv teb.
OCMF Field thiab OCPP Protocol Compatibility Mapping Table
OCMF, raws li tus qauv ntsuas kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv, tso siab rau OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) rau cov ntaub ntawv xa mus ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia meej txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib kis, kev teeb tsa kev vam khom, thiab kev hloov pauv cov cai ntawm cov tub ntxhais OCMF hauv cov OCPP versions sib txawv, hais txog cov lus nug ntawm "yuav ua li cas OCMF cov ntaub ntawv kis tau thiab sib txuas lus zoo hauv OCPP."
| OCMF Core Field | Lub ntsiab lus teb | Txhawb OCPP Version | OCPP Transmission Carrier (Xov / Field) | OCPP Configuration Dependency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FV | OCMF hom ntawv version (piv txwv li, 1.0, 1.2.0) | 1.5 thiab siab dua | SignedData metadata (embedded nyob rau hauv MeterValue cwj pwm) | Tsis xav tau configuration ntxiv |
| GS | Gateway serial tooj (tus cim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom kos npe) | 1.5 thiab siab dua |
1. MeterValue.req → JSON hauv SignedData 2. StopTransaction.req → TransactionData |
Configure "gateway-pab pawg binding kev sib raug zoo" (xws li, koom nrog GS nrog OCPP's ChargePointIdentity) |
| MS | Metering module serial tooj (cov cim ntsuas ntsuas) | 1.5 thiab siab dua | JSON hauv SignedData (pab pawg nrog MV / MF li "metering device info") | Tsis muaj kev teeb tsa ntxiv, tab sis xyuas kom meej MS txuas nrog kev them nqi pawg hauv OCPP backend |
| RD-TM | Lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv (nrog rau cov xwm txheej sync, piv txwv li, "2018-07-24T13:22:04,000+0200 S") | 1.5 thiab siab dua |
1. MeterValue.timestamp (lub sijhawm pib) 2. JSON hauv SignedData (sync xwm txheej "S/R") |
Configure ClockAlignedDataInterval=900 (15 feeb, dlhos nrog metering tswj lub sij hawm slots) |
| RD-RV | Kev nyeem ntawv 'meter' (piv txwv li, 2935.6 kWh) | 1.5 thiab siab dua |
1. MeterValue.value (Raw hom, rau cov zaub ceev) 2. JSON hauv SignedData (Sau hom ntawv, rau kev txheeb xyuas daim nqi) |
Configure MeterValue.sAlignedData=Active.Energy.Register.Import |
| RD-TX | Kev ua lag luam (piv txwv li, B=Pib, E=End, T=Tariff Change) | 1.5 thiab siab dua |
1. StartTransaction.req → TransactionStatus 2. StopTransaction.req → Vim li cas 3. MeterValue.req → JSON hauv SignedData |
Configure StopTransactionsSignatureFormat=MR/SR (MR: ib qho kev xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pib / nres; SR: ob qhov sib kis sib cais) |
| LC | Cable poob nyiaj (xws li LR tsis kam, LU unit, thiab lwm yam) | 2.0 thiab siab dua | JSON hauv SignedData (tej chaw tshiab hauv OCMF 1.2.0) | Hloov kho OCPP raws tu qauv rau 2.0+; configure "cable loss algorithm parameters" nyob rau hauv lub charger pawg tswj |
| YOG | Tus neeg siv kev tso cai xwm txheej (tseeb= Tso cai, tsis tseeb=Tsis muaj cai) | 2.0 thiab siab dua |
1. Authorize.req → IdTagInfo.Status 2. JSON hauv SignedData (IS khi rau OCPP tso cai tshwm sim) |
Configure OCPP_AUTH_TLS (tso cai cov ntaub ntawv ntawm TLS ciphertext) |
| IT | Hom kev qhia tus neeg siv (piv txwv li, ISO14443= daim npav RFID) | 2.0 thiab siab dua | Authorize.req → IdTagType (los yog JSON hauv SignedData) | Configure "mapping ntawm kev txheeb xyuas hom thiab IdTag" hauv OCPP backend (xws li ISO14443 sib raug rau OCPP IdTag hauv 16-tus lej hex hom) |
| SD | Cov ntaub ntawv kos npe digital (ECDSA encryption result) | 1.5 thiab siab dua |
1. MeterValue.req → Tus nqi (ValueFormat=SignedData, encoded as hex) 2. StopTransaction.req → TransactionSignature |
1. Configure SignatureAlgorithm=ECDSA-secp256r1-SHA256 (OCMF default algorithm) 2. Pab kom MeterValuesSignatureContext=CSL/RW (tshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus kos npe) |
| PG | Pagination identifier (piv txwv li, T12345= nyeem rau kev hloov pauv 12345) | 1.5 thiab siab dua | JSON hauv SignedData (kho rau OCPP's TransactionId) | Configure "pagination continuity check" (OCPP backend txheeb xyuas cov lej PG, piv txwv li, T1 → T2 → T3, kom tsis txhob cov ntaub ntawv poob) |
Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv
1. Unified Transmission Format Rules: Tag nrho OCMF teb yog encapsulated hauv "SignedData" hom ntawv hauv OCPP – uas yog, OCMF|
2. Version Compatibility ciam teb:
● OCPP 1.5: Tsuas yog txhawb nqa OCMF cov teb (xws li FV, GS, RD-RV, SD), thiab tsis txhawb ntau dua version teb (LC, IT ntawm ISO15118 hom);
● OCPP 2.0 thiab siab dua: txhawb nqa tag nrho cov teb ntawm OCMF 1.2.0 thiab hauv qab no, thiab tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kom haum rau yav tom ntej OCMF ntxiv los ntawm "CustomData" teb.
3. Configuration Priority: Thaum OCPP configuration tsis sib haum nrog OCMF cov cai (piv txwv li, OCPP's ClockAlignedDataInterval ≠ 15 feeb), OCMF metering cov cai yuav tsum ua ntej (piv txwv li, yuam hloov mus rau 900 vib nas this) kom paub meej tias cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li kev cai calibration.
Cov ntsiab lus: Vim li cas OCMF thiaj dhau los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam?
Hauv kev tsim kho tsheb fais fab kev lag luam sai sai, qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. OCMF, los ntawm nws cov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "kev sib koom ua ke + kev txheeb xyuas encrypted + hloov tau yooj yim," hais txog tus neeg siv qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm "kev them nqi ncaj ncees," txo cov nqi hloov kho rau cov lag luam, thiab muab cov cuab yeej pob tshab rau kev tswj hwm, ua tiav qhov yeej- yeej qhov xwm txheej rau txhua tog.
Raws li ntau thiab ntau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais tus qauv OCMF, kev them nyiaj yuav yooj yim dua yav tom ntej - cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ntseeg siab siv txhua hom kev them nqi thiab them nyiaj ncaj qha thoob plaws cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv. Qhov no yog tus nqi tseem ceeb uas qhib cov qauv coj mus rau kev lag luam.
